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The
Anglo-Saxon boundary descriptions of South Heighton (Sussex, NGR TQ 4502) in
Sawyer 648 and Sawyer 869
S 648: AD 957 (15th) - for
full charter text see this page of The
Regesta Regum Anglorum, for manuscript details and bibliography see
this page of The
Electronic Sawyer.
Þis synd Heahtunes landgemæra: of þære ea into wulfstanes fleote, of wulfstanes
fleote 7lang dices on hokes clif, of hokes cliue 7lang mærces on snelles pitte,
of snelles pitte 7lang mærke on hafokes beorh, of hafokes beorhge on þonne wyte
wege on þæet sclæde, of þam sclæde on echilde hlæwe æt þa smye wicce, of echilde
hlæwe on hengstes earas, of hengstes earas on litil healle, 7lang mearke on
warmundes stan, of warmundes stan on foxslades eande, of foxslades ænde on þære
hole wege, of þære hole wege to kynewird treow, of kynewird treow 7lang mearke
on howille, of howille into þære ea.
S 869: AD 988 (14th) - for full charter text see this page of
The
Regesta Regum Anglorum, for manuscript details and bibliography see
this page of The
Electronic Sawyer.
Erest on ða ea andlang dice on hocces clif, of hocces clif on snelles pytt,
of snelles pytte andlang dic on cealfa hlinc, of cealfa hlinc on hafakes beorh,
of hafakes beorh on ðone stanbeorh, of þan stanbeorhge on ræst linc on uearncumbe,
of uearncumbe on eccinga hlæwe, of eccinga hlæwe onðorn
dene, of ðorn dene on deopan dell, of deopan delle on ðone readan stan, of þan
readan stane on wærmundes stan, of wærmundes stane on langan hlinc, of langan
hlince on ðone holan weg, of holan wege on kyneware treowe on grenan hlince
into ðan fleote æt ho, of þan fleote þæt eft in ða ea.
Note:
The 'Old OS map' is taken from Old
Maps (old site) - this is the First Edition Ordnance Survey 1:10,560
County Series (the sheets used are of c.1878-9). The 'Modern map' is simply
a link to Multimap
at the 1:25,000 scale, but it's worth zooming out to look at 1:50,000 too. The
'Aerial photos' link is to Get
Mapping. All of these links open in new windows which, with some nimble
clicking, might aid comparison of the old and new maps and the aerial photos.
There's a slight obtacle to easy comparison of the maps: the 'Old OS map' shows
parish boundaries but sadly shows no contour lines; the 'Modern map' does show
contours but no boundaries! I've highlighted the parish boundaries in red on
the 'Old OS map', and shaded all the parishes other than South Heighton itself,
and reduced each map to screen-size, all of which will hopefully make the perambulation
simpler to follow, but of course all this colouring-in nonsense obliterates
details and shrinking impairs legibility so I've provided links from these maps
to the full-size originals on the unpredictable Old Maps website (some days
it works, some days it doesn't, but do have a look and see cos they're fun to
scroll around). Still got lots of links to do, and more notes to write, and
etymologies to finish, and medieval (and modern) field-name survivals to incorporate,
yet still the pub beckons and nothing gets done. When (oh when oh when) will
cloning be commercially available? Anyone remember the Notsensibles? What was
it - I am a clone, I'm not the only one. Marvellous. Why clone sheep, sheep
can't type, their feet are too muddy.
Sawyer 648 | Sawyer 869 | Aerial photos | Modern map | Old OS map | Etymology (OE = Old English) | Notes |
of þære ea | on ða ea | Map A | Map 1 | OE ea 'river' (the River Ouse). | At the bottom left of Map 1 is the River Ouse - notice how the parish boundary (coloured red) follows the old winding course of the river (surviving as an oxbow) rather than the more direct modern course. | |
into/of wulfstanes fleote | Map A | Map 1 | OE Wulfstan masculine personal-name + fleot 'inlet'. | The line of this fleot can be seen on Map1 heading east from the old river (marked 'C[ourse] of Old Drove Way'), carrying the parish boundary. | ||
7lang dices | andlang dice | Map A | Map 1 | OE dic 'ditch/dyke'. | ||
on hokes clif, of hokes cliue | on/of hocces clif | Photo 1 | Map A | Map 1 | OE
hoc 'hook' + clif 'cliff'. This is a good example of a topographical
term appearing in the genitive singular - given the topography it would
be perverse to argue for an OE personal-name *Hoc here. |
The long 'hook' at TQ 4403 ends in a beautiful curve at the foot of Photo 1, where part of the chalk scarp of the clif appears to be just about visible but has clearly been severely mutilated by quarrying (scroll south for more). In Map 1 the hook is visible in the shape of the shaded woodland near the centre of the frame upon which the 'Neville' of Tarring Neville [the lower-case village-name, not the upper-case parish-name] is written. In Map A it is possible to make out the contours of the hook just to the east of the 37m spot height (centre frame). |
7lang mærke | Map A | Map 1 | OE mearc 'boundary (mark)'. | |||
on/of snelles pitte | on/of snelles pytt(e) | Map A | Map 1 | OE Snell masculine personal-name + pytt 'pit'. | ||
7lang mærke | Map A | Map 1 | OE mearc 'boundary (mark)'. | |||
andlang dic | Map A | Map 1 | OE dic 'ditch/dyke'. | |||
on/of cealfa hlinc | Photo 2 | Map A | Map 1 | OE cealf 'calf' (in the genitive plural form cealfa) + hlinc 'terrace, lynchet'. | In Photo 2 the line of cealfa hlinc (at TQ 4503) runs east from midway up the left of the frame (visible as a green bank) and continues, marked by the change of soil colour, towards the top right corner. Map 1 clearly shows the bank of cealfa hlinc bisected by the path which heads north from Page's New Barn (the section of hlinc to the west being marked 'Bottom of Bank', that to the east marked 'Top of Bank'). | |
on hafokes beorh, of hafokes beorhge | on/of hafakes beorh | Map A | OE hafoc 'hawk' + beorg 'rounded hill'. | This is a natural hill, a relatively large example of a beorg, with the classic continuously rounded profile. It shows up beautifully on Map A, just below the 112m spot-height. | ||
on ðone stanbeorh, of þan stanbeorhge | Map B | OE stan 'stone' + beorg 'rounded hill'. | ||||
on þonne wyte wege | Map B | OE hwit 'white' + weg 'way'. | ||||
on ræst linc | Map B | OE hlinc 'terrace, lynchet'. The first element is uncertain. | ||||
on þæet sclæde, of þam sclæde | Photo 3 | Map B | OE slæd 'flat-bottomed valley'. | It seems likely that the slæd is represented by Well Bottom (the one at TQ 4704, not the other Well Bottom at TQ [check]). Photo 3 is not easy to interpret: the green band heading north is a broad valley bottom which would suit the term slæd (used of flat-bottomed, often wet, valleys). | ||
on/of uearncumbe | Map B | OE fearn 'fern' + cumb 'short three-sided valley'. | ||||
on echilde hlæwe æt þa smye wicce, of echilde hlæwe | on/of eccinga hlæwe | Photo 4 | Map B | Map 3 | OE hlæw 'tumulus'. Applying the principle of lectio difficilior, we might assume it more likely that 'eccinga' is a corruption of 'echilde' than vice versa, so the specifier appears to be an OE feminine personal-name Echild. The location æt þa smye wicce is obscure. | This is the tumulus now called Five Lord's Burgh (named on Map B) at TQ 486036. In Map 3 (half way down the far left of the frame) it can be seen to be the point at which four parish boundaries meet; thus in Photo 4 the tumulus is visible as the spot upon which many lines converge near the right of the frame. |
on/of hengstes earas | Map B | OE hengest 'stallion' + ''. | ||||
on/of ðorn dene | Map B | OE þorn 'thorn-bush' + denu 'long two-sided valley'. | This is perhaps the denu from which the neighbouring parish Denton takes its name. | |||
on litil healle | Map B | OE lytel 'little' + healh 'nook'. | ||||
on/of deopan dell(e) | Map B | OE deop 'deep' + dell / dæl 'hollow, pit'. | ||||
7lang mearke | Map B | OE mearc 'boundary (mark)'. | ||||
on ðone readan stan, of þan readan stane | Map B | OE read 'red' + stan 'stone'. | ||||
on/of warmundes stan | on/of wærmundes stan(e) | Map B | OE Wærmund masculine personal-name + stan 'stone'. | |||
on foxslades eande, of foxslades ænde | Photo 5 | Map B | OE fox 'fox' + slæd 'flat-bottomed valley' + ende 'end'. | In Map B this valley is clearly marked just to the right of the words 'Gardener's Hill'. Keep that diamond shaped bit of woodland in your mind's eye and look at Photo 5 - in the centre of the frame you'll see this diamond of trees sitting in the (just about) discernable valley. If this is indeed the slæd, it seems reasonable that it's ende should in our bounds. | ||
on/of langan hlinc(e) | Photo 5 | Map B | Map 2 | OE lang 'long' + hlinc 'terrace, lynchet'. | In Photo 5 this is the indistinct bank which appears from the right of the frame (near the top) and kinks in a patch of trees/bushes on Heighton Hill at TQ 4703, continuing west off the picture. It is clearly marked in the centre of Map 2, where the parish boundary is shown following 'Top of Bank' (and thence along Gardener's Hill). | |
on/of þære hole wege | on ðone holan weg, of holan wege | Photo 6 | Map C | Map 2 | OE hol(h) 'hollow' + weg 'way'. | This is the sunken chalk path (showing up white in Photo 6) which meets at right-angles the 'green lynchet'. Note that there is a second such path leading south (but not touching our boundary). Our hollow way can be seen at the far bottom left of Map 2, where the otherwise straight parish boundary curves slightly to follow the dip of the path (here marked 'T[op] of Bank'). |
to/of kynewird treow | on kyneware treowe | Map C | Map 1 | OE Cynewaru feminine personal-name (genitive Cyneware) + treow 'tree'. The form 'kynewird' is corrupt, probably influenced by the common OE masculine personal-name Cyneweard. | This tree must stand at the meeting point of the hollow way and the green lynchet at TQ 4602. As Map 1 shows, this is Cantercrow Hill. Given the difficulty of finding an alternative explanation for 'Cantercrow', it seems likely that the name is a garbled reflex of our Cynewaretreow. | |
on grenan hlince | Photo 6 | Map C | Map 1 | OE grene 'green' + hlinc 'terrace, lynchet'. | In Photo 6 this is the long green bank running diagonally towards the south-east (from the barn near top left); it ends where it meets at right-angles the 'hollow way'. In Map C the course of the lynchet appears as a line of black dashes. | |
7lang mearke | Map A | Map 1 | OE mearc 'boundary (mark)'. | |||
into ðan fleote æt ho, of þan fleote | Map A | Map 1 | OE fleot 'inlet'; OE hoh 'heel'. | The referent of æt ho is Piddinghoe, the adjacent parish lying mostly to the west of the River Ouse (but with a small portion to the east). | ||
on/of howille | Map A | Map 1 | OE wiella 'spring'. | For ho (again Piddinghoe) see previous item. | ||
into þære ea | þæt eft in ða ea | Map A | Map 1 | OE ea 'river' (the River Ouse) | Back to the mighty Ouse! |
Nuurrrrrssssse!
I've taken a tumble - help me up
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