***THIS PAGE IS STILL UNDER CONSTRUCTION - BE WARNED THAT MOST OF IT DOESN'T WORK YET!!***

The Anglo-Saxon boundary descriptions of South Heighton (Sussex, NGR TQ 4502) in Sawyer 648 and Sawyer 869

S 648: AD 957 (15th) - for full charter text see this page of The Regesta Regum Anglorum, for manuscript details and bibliography see this page of The Electronic Sawyer.

Þis synd Heahtunes landgemæra: of þære ea into wulfstanes fleote, of wulfstanes fleote 7lang dices on hokes clif, of hokes cliue 7lang mærces on snelles pitte, of snelles pitte 7lang mærke on hafokes beorh, of hafokes beorhge on þonne wyte wege on þæet sclæde, of þam sclæde on echilde hlæwe æt þa smye wicce, of echilde hlæwe on hengstes earas, of hengstes earas on litil healle, 7lang mearke on warmundes stan, of warmundes stan on foxslades eande, of foxslades ænde on þære hole wege, of þære hole wege to kynewird treow, of kynewird treow 7lang mearke on howille, of howille into þære ea.

S 869: AD 988 (14th)
- for full charter text see this page of The Regesta Regum Anglorum, for manuscript details and bibliography see this page of The Electronic Sawyer.

Erest on ða ea andlang dice on hocces clif, of hocces clif on snelles pytt, of snelles pytte andlang dic on cealfa hlinc, of cealfa hlinc on hafakes beorh, of hafakes beorh on ðone stanbeorh, of þan stanbeorhge on ræst linc on uearncumbe, of uearncumbe on eccinga hlæwe, of eccinga hlæwe on
ðorn dene, of ðorn dene on deopan dell, of deopan delle on ðone readan stan, of þan readan stane on wærmundes stan, of wærmundes stane on langan hlinc, of langan hlince on ðone holan weg, of holan wege on kyneware treowe on grenan hlince into ðan fleote æt ho, of þan fleote þæt eft in ða ea.

Note:
The 'Old OS map' is taken from Old Maps (old site) - this is the First Edition Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 County Series (the sheets used are of c.1878-9). The 'Modern map' is simply a link to Multimap at the 1:25,000 scale, but it's worth zooming out to look at 1:50,000 too. The 'Aerial photos' link is to Get Mapping. All of these links open in new windows which, with some nimble clicking, might aid comparison of the old and new maps and the aerial photos. There's a slight obtacle to easy comparison of the maps: the 'Old OS map' shows parish boundaries but sadly shows no contour lines; the 'Modern map' does show contours but no boundaries! I've highlighted the parish boundaries in red on the 'Old OS map', and shaded all the parishes other than South Heighton itself, and reduced each map to screen-size, all of which will hopefully make the perambulation simpler to follow, but of course all this colouring-in nonsense obliterates details and shrinking impairs legibility so I've provided links from these maps to the full-size originals on the unpredictable Old Maps website (some days it works, some days it doesn't, but do have a look and see cos they're fun to scroll around). Still got lots of links to do, and more notes to write, and etymologies to finish, and medieval (and modern) field-name survivals to incorporate, yet still the pub beckons and nothing gets done. When (oh when oh when) will cloning be commercially available? Anyone remember the Notsensibles? What was it - I am a clone, I'm not the only one. Marvellous. Why clone sheep, sheep can't type, their feet are too muddy.

Sawyer 648 Sawyer 869 Aerial photos Modern map Old OS map Etymology (OE = Old English) Notes
of þære ea on ða ea   Map A Map 1 OE ea 'river' (the River Ouse). At the bottom left of Map 1 is the River Ouse - notice how the parish boundary (coloured red) follows the old winding course of the river (surviving as an oxbow) rather than the more direct modern course.
into/of wulfstanes fleote     Map A Map 1 OE Wulfstan masculine personal-name + fleot 'inlet'. The line of this fleot can be seen on Map1 heading east from the old river (marked 'C[ourse] of Old Drove Way'), carrying the parish boundary.
7lang dices andlang dice   Map A Map 1 OE dic 'ditch/dyke'.  
on hokes clif, of hokes cliue on/of hocces clif Photo 1 Map A Map 1 OE hoc 'hook' + clif 'cliff'. This is a good example of a topographical term appearing in the genitive singular - given the topography it would be perverse to argue for an OE personal-name *Hoc here.
The long 'hook' at TQ 4403 ends in a beautiful curve at the foot of Photo 1, where part of the chalk scarp of the clif appears to be just about visible but has clearly been severely mutilated by quarrying (scroll south for more). In Map 1 the hook is visible in the shape of the shaded woodland near the centre of the frame upon which the 'Neville' of Tarring Neville [the lower-case village-name, not the upper-case parish-name] is written. In Map A it is possible to make out the contours of the hook just to the east of the 37m spot height (centre frame).
7lang mærke     Map A Map 1 OE mearc 'boundary (mark)'.  
on/of snelles pitte on/of snelles pytt(e)   Map A Map 1 OE Snell masculine personal-name + pytt 'pit'.  
7lang mærke     Map A Map 1 OE mearc 'boundary (mark)'.  
  andlang dic   Map A Map 1 OE dic 'ditch/dyke'.  
  on/of cealfa hlinc Photo 2 Map A Map 1 OE cealf 'calf' (in the genitive plural form cealfa) + hlinc 'terrace, lynchet'. In Photo 2 the line of cealfa hlinc (at TQ 4503) runs east from midway up the left of the frame (visible as a green bank) and continues, marked by the change of soil colour, towards the top right corner. Map 1 clearly shows the bank of cealfa hlinc bisected by the path which heads north from Page's New Barn (the section of hlinc to the west being marked 'Bottom of Bank', that to the east marked 'Top of Bank').
on hafokes beorh, of hafokes beorhge on/of hafakes beorh   Map A   OE hafoc 'hawk' + beorg 'rounded hill'. This is a natural hill, a relatively large example of a beorg, with the classic continuously rounded profile. It shows up beautifully on Map A, just below the 112m spot-height.
  on ðone stanbeorh, of þan stanbeorhge   Map B   OE stan 'stone' + beorg 'rounded hill'.  
on þonne wyte wege     Map B   OE hwit 'white' + weg 'way'.  
  on ræst linc   Map B   OE hlinc 'terrace, lynchet'. The first element is uncertain.  
on þæet sclæde, of þam sclæde   Photo 3 Map B   OE slæd 'flat-bottomed valley'. It seems likely that the slæd is represented by Well Bottom (the one at TQ 4704, not the other Well Bottom at TQ [check]). Photo 3 is not easy to interpret: the green band heading north is a broad valley bottom which would suit the term slæd (used of flat-bottomed, often wet, valleys).
  on/of uearncumbe   Map B   OE fearn 'fern' + cumb 'short three-sided valley'.  
on echilde hlæwe æt þa smye wicce, of echilde hlæwe on/of eccinga hlæwe Photo 4 Map B Map 3 OE hlæw 'tumulus'. Applying the principle of lectio difficilior, we might assume it more likely that 'eccinga' is a corruption of 'echilde' than vice versa, so the specifier appears to be an OE feminine personal-name Echild. The location æt þa smye wicce is obscure. This is the tumulus now called Five Lord's Burgh (named on Map B) at TQ 486036. In Map 3 (half way down the far left of the frame) it can be seen to be the point at which four parish boundaries meet; thus in Photo 4 the tumulus is visible as the spot upon which many lines converge near the right of the frame.
on/of hengstes earas     Map B   OE hengest 'stallion' + ''.  
  on/of ðorn dene   Map B   OE þorn 'thorn-bush' + denu 'long two-sided valley'. This is perhaps the denu from which the neighbouring parish Denton takes its name.
on litil healle     Map B   OE lytel 'little' + healh 'nook'.  
  on/of deopan dell(e)   Map B   OE deop 'deep' + dell / dæl 'hollow, pit'.  
7lang mearke     Map B   OE mearc 'boundary (mark)'.  
  on ðone readan stan, of þan readan stane   Map B   OE read 'red' + stan 'stone'.  
on/of warmundes stan on/of wærmundes stan(e)   Map B   OE Wærmund masculine personal-name + stan 'stone'.  
on foxslades eande, of foxslades ænde   Photo 5 Map B   OE fox 'fox' + slæd 'flat-bottomed valley' + ende 'end'. In Map B this valley is clearly marked just to the right of the words 'Gardener's Hill'. Keep that diamond shaped bit of woodland in your mind's eye and look at Photo 5 - in the centre of the frame you'll see this diamond of trees sitting in the (just about) discernable valley. If this is indeed the slæd, it seems reasonable that it's ende should in our bounds.
  on/of langan hlinc(e) Photo 5 Map B Map 2 OE lang 'long' + hlinc 'terrace, lynchet'. In Photo 5 this is the indistinct bank which appears from the right of the frame (near the top) and kinks in a patch of trees/bushes on Heighton Hill at TQ 4703, continuing west off the picture. It is clearly marked in the centre of Map 2, where the parish boundary is shown following 'Top of Bank' (and thence along Gardener's Hill).
on/of þære hole wege on ðone holan weg, of holan wege Photo 6 Map C Map 2 OE hol(h) 'hollow' + weg 'way'. This is the sunken chalk path (showing up white in Photo 6) which meets at right-angles the 'green lynchet'. Note that there is a second such path leading south (but not touching our boundary). Our hollow way can be seen at the far bottom left of Map 2, where the otherwise straight parish boundary curves slightly to follow the dip of the path (here marked 'T[op] of Bank').
to/of kynewird treow on kyneware treowe   Map C Map 1 OE Cynewaru feminine personal-name (genitive Cyneware) + treow 'tree'. The form 'kynewird' is corrupt, probably influenced by the common OE masculine personal-name Cyneweard. This tree must stand at the meeting point of the hollow way and the green lynchet at TQ 4602. As Map 1 shows, this is Cantercrow Hill. Given the difficulty of finding an alternative explanation for 'Cantercrow', it seems likely that the name is a garbled reflex of our Cynewaretreow.
  on grenan hlince Photo 6 Map C Map 1 OE grene 'green' + hlinc 'terrace, lynchet'. In Photo 6 this is the long green bank running diagonally towards the south-east (from the barn near top left); it ends where it meets at right-angles the 'hollow way'. In Map C the course of the lynchet appears as a line of black dashes.
7lang mearke     Map A Map 1 OE mearc 'boundary (mark)'.  
  into ðan fleote æt ho, of þan fleote   Map A Map 1 OE fleot 'inlet'; OE hoh 'heel'. The referent of æt ho is Piddinghoe, the adjacent parish lying mostly to the west of the River Ouse (but with a small portion to the east).
on/of howille     Map A Map 1 OE wiella 'spring'. For ho (again Piddinghoe) see previous item.
into þære ea þæt eft in ða ea   Map A Map 1 OE ea 'river' (the River Ouse) Back to the mighty Ouse!

Nuurrrrrssssse! I've taken a tumble - help me up

< back to Name Studies